Scan of Results Table

Scenario Of Use

The main reasons why this type of thing would be useful in the college is:

• New student, visitor or tutor.
• Reference for people who forget easily.

Examples.

New Student, Visitor or Tutor.
If you are new to the college, be it student, visitor or tutor, the last thing you would need would be either to get lost, not know where the classes are, which classes you have etc. So this would help by providing a map, the classes, list of staff/tutors etc.

Reference for people who forget easily.
Would be the same principle really from the subject above. The map, classes and staff sections would help people to remember where their classes are, what classes they have and which tutor/staff member they have for their class.

Evaluation

The main aim of the project was to design, develop and produce an interactive touchscreen interface, for use in the college by tutors, students and visitors. The screens I have provided would benefit all three.

TARGETS

To produce suitable colour schemes, layouts and fonts for the prototypes and then produce two examples with the chosen colours, layouts and fonts - LO FI and HI FI.

TESTING

I asked fellow students on which colour scheme and fonts to use and which one they thought was best, I then made the decision accordingly.

GENERAL

The designs I have produced would have to be adaptable to many versions of screen - mobile, touch screen etc. I feel I have done this to the best of my ability.

HI FI Prototype

HI FI Mobile Prototype

LO FI Prototype

LO FI Mobile Prototype

Final Fonts and Colours Decision

After discussion with fellow classmates, the final decision is this one, as they felt it was easier to see and also similar colours to the college logo.

Fonts and Colours Idea 4

Fonts and Colours Idea 3

Fonts and Colours Idea 2

Fonts and Colours Idea 1

More Capacitive Screens

Capacitive: Capacitive touchscreens tend to be more accurate and responsive than resistive screens. Because they require a conductive material, such as a finger tip, for input, they are not common among (stylus using) Tablet PCs but are more prominent on the smaller scale “tablet computer” devices for ease of use, which generally do not use a stylus, and need multi-touch capabilities.

Multi-touch capabilities, which can recognize multiple simultaneous finger touches, allowing for enhanced manipulation of on-screen objects.[33]

Palm recognition. It prevents inadvertent palms or other contacts from disrupting the pen’s input. reference - wikipedia

More Resistive Screens

Resistive: Resistive touchscreens are passive and can respond to any kind of pressure on the screen. They allow a high level of precision (which may be needed, when the touch screen tries to emulate a mouse for precision pointing, which in Tablet personal computers is common) but may require calibration to be accurate. Because of the high resolution of detection, a stylus is often used for resistive screens. Although some possibility exist for implementing multi-touch on a resistive touch-screen, the possibilities are quite limited. As modern tablet computers tend to heavily lean on the use of multi-touch, this technology has faded out on high-end devices where it has been replaced by capacitive touchscreens.

reference - wikipedia

Optical Imaging

This is a relatively modern development in touchscreen technology, in which two or more image sensors are placed around the edges (mostly the corners) of the screen. Infrared back lights are placed in the camera’s field of view on the other side of the screen. A touch shows up as a shadow and each pair of cameras can then be pinpointed to locate the touch or even measure the size of the touching object (see visual hull). This technology is growing in popularity, due to its scalability, versatility, and affordability, especially for larger units.

reference - wikipedia

Projected Capacitance

Projected Capacitive Touch (PCT) technology is a capacitive technology which permits more accurate and flexible operation, by etching the conductive layer. An X-Y grid is formed either by etching a single layer to form a grid pattern of electrodes, or by etching two separate, perpendicular layers of conductive material with parallel lines or tracks to form the grid (comparable to the pixel grid found in many LCD displays).

Surface Capacitive

In this basic technology, only one side of the insulator is coated with a conductive layer. A small voltage is applied to the layer, resulting in a uniform electrostatic field. When a conductor, such as a human finger, touches the uncoated surface, a capacitor is dynamically formed. The sensor’s controller can determine the location of the touch indirectly from the change in the capacitance as measured from the four corners of the panel. As it has no moving parts, it is moderately durable but has limited resolution, is prone to false signals from parasitic capacitive coupling, and needs calibration during manufacture. It is therefore most often used in simple applications such as industrial controls and kiosks.<sup>[9]

reference - wikipedia</sup>

Capacitive Touchscreen

A capacitive touchscreen panel is one which consists of an insulator such as glass, coated with a transparent conductor such as indium tin oxide (ITO).^[7][8] As the human body is also an electrical conductor, touching the surface of the screen results in a distortion of the screen’s electrostatic field, measurable as a change in capacitance. Different technologies may be used to determine the location of the touch. The location is then sent to the controller for processing. Unlike a resistive touchscreen, one cannot use a capacitive touchscreen through most types type of electrically insulating material, such as gloves; one requires a special capacitive stylus, or a special-application glove with finger tips that generate static electricity. This disadvantage especially affects usability in consumer electronics, such as touch tablet PCs and capacitive smartphones.

Surface Acoustic Wave

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology uses ultrasonic waves that pass over the touchscreen panel. When the panel is touched, a portion of the wave is absorbed. This change in the ultrasonic waves registers the position of the touch event and sends this information to the controller for processing. Surface wave touchscreen panels can be damaged by outside elements. Contaminants on the surface can also interfere with the functionality of the touchscreen.^[6]

reference - wikipedia

Resistive Screen

A resistive touchscreen panel is composed of several layers, the most important of which are two thin, electrically conductive layers separated by a narrow gap. When an object, such as a finger, presses down on a point on the panel’s outer surface the two metallic layers become connected at that point: the panel then behaves as a pair of voltage dividers with connected outputs. This causes a change in the electrical current, which is registered as a touch event and sent to the controller for processing.

OLED

An organic light emitting diode (OLED) is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compounds which emit light in response to an electric current. This layer of organic semiconductor material is situated between two electrodes. Generally, at least one of these electrodes is transparent.

OLEDs are used in television screens, computer monitors, small, portable system screens such as mobile phones and PDAs, watches, advertising, information, and indication. OLEDs are also used in light sources for space illumination and in large-area light-emitting elements. Due to their early stage of development, they typically emit less light per unit area than inorganic solid-state based LED point-light sources.

An OLED display functions without a backlight. Thus, it can display deep black levels and can be thinner and lighter than liquid crystal displays. In low ambient light conditions such as dark rooms, an OLED screen can achieve a higher contrast ratio than an LCD using either cold cathode fluorescent lamps or the more recently developed LED backlight.

There are two main families of OLEDs: those based upon small molecules and those employing polymers. Adding mobile ions to an OLED creates a Light-emitting Electrochemical Cell or LEC, which has a slightly different mode of operation.

OLED displays can use either passive-matrix (PMOLED) or active-matrix addressing schemes. Active-matrix OLEDs (AMOLED) require a thin-film transistor backplane to switch each individual pixel on or off, and can make higher resolution and larger size displays possible


REFERENCE - wikipedia

LED TV

An LED-backlight LCD television is an LCD TV that uses LED backlighting instead of the CCFLs used in traditional LCD televisions. It is not a true LED display but is called "LED TV" by some manufacturers.^[1] The use of LED backlighting has a dramatic impact, resulting in a thinner panel, less power consumption and better heat dissipation, and a brighter display with better contrast levels.

The LEDs can come in three forms:

• Dynamic RGB LEDs which are positioned behind the panel
• White Edge-LEDs positioned around the rim of the screen using a special diffusion panel to spread the light evenly behind the screen (the most common)
• A full-array of LEDS which are arranged behind the screen but are incapable of dimming or brightening individually

REFERENCE -wikipedia

LCD

Reflective twisted nematic liquid crystal display.

1. Polarizing filter film with a vertical axis to polarize light as it enters.
2. Glass substrate with ITO electrodes. The shapes of these electrodes will determine the shapes that will appear when the LCD is turned ON. Vertical ridges etched on the surface are smooth.
3. Twisted nematic liquid crystal.
4. Glass substrate with common electrode film (ITO) with horizontal ridges to line up with the horizontal filter.
5. Polarizing filter film with a horizontal axis to block/pass light.
6. Reflective surface to send light back to viewer. (In a backlit LCD, this layer is replaced with a light source.)

Touchscreen

A touchscreen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area. The term generally refers to touching the display of the device with a finger or hand. Touchscreens can also sense other passive objects, such as a stylus. Touchscreen is common in devices such as all-in-one computers, tablet computers, and smartphones.

reference - wikipedia

Current Resolutions

Televisions are of the following resolutions:

Standard-definition television (SDTV): 480i (NTSC uses an analog system of 486i split into two interlaced fields of 243 lines) 576i (PAL, 720×576 split into two interlaced fields of 288 lines)

Enhanced-definition television (EDTV): 480p (720×480 progressive scan) 576p (720×576 progressive scan)

High-definition television (HDTV):

• 720p (1280×720 progressive scan)
• 1080i (1920×1080 split into two interlaced fields of 540 lines)
• 1080p (1920×1080 progressive scan)

HDTV

High-definition television (or HDTV, or just HD) refers to video having resolution substantially higher than traditional television systems (standard-definition TV, or SDTV, or SD). HD has one or two million pixels per frame, roughly five times that of SD. Early HDTV broadcasting used analog techniques, but today HDTV is digitally broadcast using video compression. Some personal video recorders (PVRs) with hard disk storage but without high-definition tuners are legitimately described as “HD”, for “Hard Disk”, which can be a cause of confusion.

reference - wikipedia

Plasma

A plasma display panel (PDP) is a type of flat panel display common to large TV displays (80 cm/30 in or larger). They are called “plasma” displays because the pixels rely on plasma cells, or what are in essence chambers more commonly known as fluorescent lamps. A panel typically has millions of tiny cells in compartmentalized space between two panels of glass. These compartments, or “bulbs” or “cells”, hold a mixture of noble gases and a minuscule amount of mercury. Just as in the fluorescent lamps over an office desk, when the mercury is vaporized and a voltage is applied across the cell, the gas in the cells form a plasma. With flow of electricity (electrons), some of the electrons strike mercury particles as the electrons move through the plasma, momentarily increasing the energy level of the molecule until the excess energy is shed. Mercury sheds the energy as ultraviolet (UV) photons. The UV photons then strike phosphor that is painted on the inside of the cell. When the UV photon strikes a phosphor molecule, it momentarily raises the energy level of an outer orbit electron in the phosphor molecule, moving the electron from a stable to an unstable state; the electron then sheds the excess energy as a photon at a lower energy level than UV light; the lower energy photons are mostly in the infrared range but about 40% are in the visible light range. Thus the input energy is shed as mostly heat (infrared) but also as visible light. Depending on the phosphors used, different colors of visible light can be achieved. Each pixel in a plasma display is made up of three cells comprising the primary colors of visible light. Varying the voltage of the signals to the cells thus allows different perceived colors.

reference - wikipedia

The Brief

The brief is to design, develop and produce a touch screen for a client. As a team member the design has to meet the clients requirements. It has to be interactive, easy to use and flow in an order that the user can understand. There will be two screen designs, one that works at a cellular network running on an Android operating system and another that works on a phone or pad. The first screen will be divided into sections of Staff, Classes, Map,and Calendar. In each individual section there will be additional information.